vault backup: 2024-10-16 09:12:37

Networking and Security/Week 1/Lecture 1 - Networking Basics Recap.md

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+# Module Structure
+
+## T1
+
+- Networking Fundamentals
+- Coursework 50%
+
+## T2
+
+- Focus on Security
+- Exam 50%
+
+# MAC (Medium Access Control) Protocol
+
+- Physical to NIC
+	- Checks if packet is for current NIC
+	- Does packet contain error?
+
+# LANs
+
+## Hub
+
+- Passive Device, sees incoming signals on one port and retransmits same signals on all other outputs.
+- Half-Duplex
+- Broadcast
+- Doesn't need to understand what is transmitting
+
+## Switch
+
+- Where possible, retransmit signals to appropriate destination
+- Must understand packet format and extract destination address
+- Good switches can support multiple simultaneous conversations between disjoint pairs
+- Modern switches can support full-duplex communication
+
+## Repeater
+
+- Joins 2 identical LANs to form a larger LAN
+- Unintelligent, just retransmits
+- Repeater creates a "collision domain"
+
+## Bridge
+
+- Forms a single Logical LAN from 2 Physical LANs
+- Only retransmits packets on bridged LAN if necessary. (Reduces load, increases efficiency, allows parallelism)
+- Will use MAC protocol of dest network to ensure full retransmission.
+
+## Router / Gateway
+
+- Interconnects two different LANs to form a WAN