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AI & Data Mining/Week 20/Chapter 20 Tutorial - Introduction to Propositional Logic.md

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ Formula: p => q
 
 (b) Increased spending overheats the economy.
 Atomic Propositions:
-	Increased spending 
+	Increased spending
 	Overheats the economy
-Connectives: 
+Connectives:
 	None, implied non-linguistic
 Formula: p => q
 
 (c) Increased spending coupled with tax cuts overheats the economy.
 Atomic Propositions:
 	Increased spending
-	There are tax cuts 
+	There are tax cuts
 	Overheated economy
 Connectives:
 	Coupled with
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Atomic Propositions:
 	Inflation does not rise
 Connectives:
 	either / or
-Formula: p 
+Formula: p
 
 1. Remove as many brackets as possible from the following propositions without altering their meaning (i.e. the truth table).
 

AI & Data Mining/Week 20/Week 20 - Intro to Propositional Logic.md

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
   - Disjunction (∨): p ∨ q is true if and only if at least one of p or q is true
   - Implication (⇒): p ⇒ q is false if and only if p is true and q is false
   - Equivalence (⇔): p ⇔ q is true if and only if p and q have the same truth value
+
 ## Precedence Order of Connectives
+
 1. Negation (¬)
 2. Conjunction (∧)
 3. Disjunction (∨)
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
 5. Equivalence (⇔)
 
 This means that in a formula without parentheses, ¬ takes precedence over ∧ and ∨, ∧ and ∨ have the same precedence but associativity to the left, and ⇒ and ⇔ also have the same precedence but associativity to the right. For example, p ∧ q ⇒ r is equivalent to (p ∧ q) ⇒ r, not p ∧ (q ⇒ r).
+
 ### Propositions and Connectives (Examples)
 
 #### Atomic Propositions:
@@ -119,6 +122,7 @@ This means that in a formula without parentheses, ¬ takes precedence over ∧ a
 	- Formalized as: p ∧ q ⇒ ¬r
 - Argument: If Bob eats carrots, then he will be able to see in the dark. Therefore, if Bob can’t see in the dark, then he hasn’t eaten carrots.
 	- Formalized as: p ⇒ q ≡ ¬q ⇒ ¬p
+
 # Summary
 
   - Logicians focus on argument form